Background: Considering the increasing number of intravenous drug users (IDUs) and their frequent admissions to infectious disease wards, better understanding of their infections seems necessary. The purpose of this research was to study the epidemiology, prevalence and nature of pulmonary infections in admitted IDUs in these wards at Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 126 admitted IDUs in infectious wards of the Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from May 2002 to Jan. 2004 and we classified their infections. Results: Pulmonary infections were the most common infectious disease category after skin and soft tissue infections. In 34 of 126 IDUs, pulmonary infection was the definite diagnosis which was investigated in 4 groups: pneumonia, tuberculosis, pleurisy, and lung abscess. Pneumonia was the second most common infection. The most prevalent causes of fever were pulmonary infections. Twenty seven percent (8 cases, 9 admissions) of pulmonary infections were smearing positive TB. Frequency of HBS Ag, Anti HCV and HIV infection was 20%, 92% and 67% respectively. Mean duration of admission was 17 days and in average 6 antibiotics were used per patient. Mortality of pulmonary infections was 30% whereas the overall mortality was 17.7%. Conclusion: We found pulmonary infections to be the second most frequent cause of infection in IDUs with a high mortality rate. The high frequency of TB and concurrence with HIV was also noted.  

Background & Objectives: There are near two million people from around the world have planning to journey for Hadje ceremony. Old age, Crowding dormitory, close contact, poor sanitation, poor health services, different community pattern, high temperature and other factors cause the infectious diseases particularly respiratory infection more than ever Influenza occur more common and cause more discomfort during this ceremony. This study in 1381 Clear the effect of influenza vaccine compare with placebo in this group of population Pilgrimage group.Methods: This study had interventional randomize clinical design on 156 pilgrims in Abhar City. The pattern of the cases selection for reducing of bias effect was every other pilgrim for vaccine injection. All of the cases before, during and three week after return back from this ceremony had close health services. All the pilgrims had private document for recording the events.Results: About 147 of pilgrims experienced had pulmonary infection (93% in case and 96% in control). There was no difference in either cases or control groups.Conclusions: There is no benefit for using influenza vaccine other than its indications in the patients but it needs additional studies.